Hawthorn
Crataegus spp.
Quick Care Guide
Prune: Prune in late winter or early spring to shape and remove dead or crossing branches
Sunlight: Prefers full sun (6+ hours), tolerates light shade
Water: Moderate; water deeply during dry spells
Fertilize: Not usually needed in fertile soil; apply balanced fertilizer in early spring if growth is poor
Leaves: Deep green, lobed leaves that may turn yellow to red in fall
Flowers: Clusters of small white or pink flowers in late spring
Pruning
Hawthorns benefit from annual pruning to maintain shape and air circulation. Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth starts. Remove any dead, diseased, or crossing branches, and lightly thin out the canopy to reduce the risk of pests and improve air flow. Avoid heavy pruning, as hawthorns tend to grow slowly and have thorny branches that can make maintenance tricky.
Watering
Hawthorns are moderately drought-tolerant once established but benefit from deep, occasional watering, especially during hot, dry weather. Ensure the soil drains well to prevent root rot. Mulching around the base can help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Leaves
The leaves of hawthorn are usually dark green, lobed, and have a toothed margin. They often turn attractive shades of yellow, orange, or red in autumn, providing seasonal interest even after flowering has ended.
Sunlight
Hawthorns prefer full sun, thriving best with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. While they can tolerate partial shade, too little sun may lead to reduced flowering and fruiting. A bright, open location will yield the healthiest growth and most abundant blooms.
Fertilization
Hawthorns typically do well without regular feeding in fertile soils. However, if the plant shows signs of nutrient deficiency (such as pale leaves or poor growth), apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) in early spring before new growth begins. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can encourage excessive leafy growth at the expense of flowers and fruit.
Flowers
Hawthorns produce clusters of small, five-petaled white or pink flowers in late spring, which attract bees and other pollinators. Though lovely, the blooms may have a musky scent that some people find unpleasant. These flowers are followed by small, berry-like fruits (haws) that persist into winter and are beloved by birds.